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Books: The Harvard Classics Volume 38

V >> Various >> The Harvard Classics Volume 38

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Having finished my discourse, I dressed him as I was accustomed.
When I displayed his wounds, the physicians and surgeons, and
other assistants present, knew the truth of what I had said. The
physicians, having felt his pulse and seen that the vital forces
were depressed and spent, agreed with me that in a few days he
would die. Then they all went to the Duc de Savoie, and told him
M. de Martigues would die in a short time. He answered them,
"Possibly, if he had been well dressed, he might have escaped
death." Then they all with one voice said he had been very well
dressed and cared for altogether, and it could not be better, and
it was impossible to cure him, and his wound was of necessity
mortal. Then M. de Savoie was very angry with them, and cried,
and asked them again if for certain they all held his case
hopeless: they answered, yes.

Then a Spanish impostor came forward, who promised on his life to
cure him; and if he did not, they should cut him in an hundred
pieces; but he would have no physicians, nor surgeons nor
apothecaries with him: and M. le Duc de Savoie forthwith bade the
physicians and surgeons not go near M. de Martigues; and sent a
gentleman to bid me, under pain of death, not so much as to touch
him. Which I promised, and was very glad, for now he would not
die under my hands; and the impostor was told to dress him, and
to have with him no other physicians or surgeons, but only
himself. By and bye he came, and said to M. de Martigues, "Senor
Cavallero, M. de Savoie has bid me come and dress your wound. I
swear to God, before eight days I will set you on horseback,
lance in hand, provided none touch you but I alone. You shall eat
and drink whatever you like. I will be dieted instead of you; and
you may trust me to perform what I promise. I have cured many who
had worse wounds than yours." And the Seigneurs answered him,
"God give you His grace for it."

He asked for a shirt of M. de Martigues, and tore it in little
strips, which he laid cross-wise, muttering and murmuring certain
words over the wounds: having done this much for him, he let him
eat and drink all he would, saying he himself would be dieted in
his stead; which he did, eating but six prunes and six morsels of
bread for dinner, and drinking only beer. Nevertheless, two days
later, M. de Martigues died: and my friend the Spaniard, seeing
him at the point of death, eclipsed himself, and got away without
good-bye to any man. And I believe if he had been caught he would
have been hanged and strangled, for the false promise he made to
M. le Due de Savoie and many other gentlemen. M. de Martigues
died about ten o'clock in the morning; and after dinner M. de
Savoie sent the physicians and surgeons, and his apothecary, with
a store of drugs to embalm him. They came with many gentlemen and
captains of his army.

The Emperor's surgeon came to me, and asked me in a very friendly
way to make, the embalmment; which I refused, saying that I was
not worthy to carry his instrument-box after him. He begged me
again to do it to please him, and that he would be very glad of
it...Seeing his kindness, and fearing to displease him, I then
decided to show them the anatomist that I was, expounding to them
many things, which would here be too long to recite... Our
discourse finished, I embalmed the body; and it was placed in a
coffin. Then the Emperor's surgeon drew me aside, and told me, if
I would stop with him, he would treat me well, and give me a new
suit of clothes, and set me on horseback. I gave him many thanks,
and said I had no wish to serve any country but my own. Then he
told me I was a fool, and if he were a prisoner as I was, he
would serve a devil to get his freedom. In the end I told him
flat I would not stop with him. The Emperor's physician then went
back to M. de Savoie, and explained to him the causes of M. de
Martigues' death, and that it was impossible for all the men in
the world to have cured him; and assured him again I had done all
that was to be done, and besought him to take me into his
service; saying much more good of me than there was. He having
been persuaded to do this, sent to me one of his stewards, M. du
Bouchet, to tell me, if I would serve him, he would use me well;
I sent back my very humble thanks, and that I had decided not to
take service under any foreigner. When he heard my answer he was
very angry, and said I ought to be sent to the galleys.

M. de Vaudeville, Governor of Graveline, and colonel of seventeen
ensigns of infantry, asked him to send me to him, to dress an old
ulcer on his leg, that he had had for six or seven years. M. de
Savoie said he was willing, so far as I was concerned; and if I
used the cautery to his leg, it would serve him right. M. de
Vaudeville answered, if he saw me trying it, he would have my
throat cut. Soon after, he sent for me four German halberdiers of
his guard; and I was terrified, for I did not know where they
were taking me: they spoke no more French than I German. When I
was come to his lodging, he bade me welcome, and said, now I
belonged to him; and so soon as I had healed him, he would let me
go without ransom. I told him I had no means to pay any ransom.
He called his physician and his surgeon-in-ordinary, to show me
his leg; and when we had examined it, we withdrew into a room,
where I began my discourse to them. ... Then the physician left
me with the surgeon, and went back to M. de Vaudeville, and said
he was sure I could cure him, and told him all I had decided to
do; which pleased him vastly. He sent for me, and asked if I
thought I could cure him; I said yes, if he were obedient to what
was necessary. He promised to do only what I wished and ordered;
and so soon as he was healed, he would let me go home without
ransom. Then I asked him to make better terms with me, saying it
was too long to wait for my liberty: in fifteen days I hoped his
ulcer would be less than half its present size, and give no pain;
then his own surgeon and physician could finish the cure. He
granted this to me. Then I took a piece of paper to measure the
size of the ulcer, and gave it to him, and kept another by me; I
asked him to keep his promise, when I had done my work; he swore
by the faith of a gentleman he would. Then I set myself to dress
him properly, after the manner of Galen. ... He wished to know if
it were true, what I said of Galen, and bade his physician look
to it, for he would know it for himself; he had the book put on
the table, and found that what I said was true; so the physician
was ashamed, and I was glad. Within the fifteen days, it was
almost all healed; and I began to feel happy about the compact
made between us. He had me to eat and drink at his table, when
there were no more great persons than he and I only. He gave me a
big red scarf which I must wear; which made me feel something
like a dog when they give him a clog, to stop him eating the
grapes in the vineyards. His physician and surgeon took me
through the camp to visit their wounded; and I took care to
observe what our enemy was doing. I found they had no more great
cannons, but only twenty-five or thirty field-pieces.

M. de Vaudeville held prisoner M. de Bauge, brother of M. de
Martigues who died at Hesdin. M. de Bauge was prisoner at Chateau
de La Motte au Bois, belonging to the Emperor; he had been
captured at Therouenne by two Spanish soldiers; and M. de
Vaudeville, when he saw him there, concluded he must be some
gentleman of good family: he made him pull off his stockings, and
seeing his clean legs and feet, and his fine white stockings,
knew he was one to pay a good ransom. He told the soldiers he
would give them thirty crowns down for their prisoner: they
agreed gladly, for they had no place to keep him, nor food for
him, nor did they know his value: so they gave their man into his
hands, and he sent him off at once, guarded by four of his own
soldiers, to Chateau de La Motte au Bois, with others of our
gentlemen who were prisoners.

M. de Bauge would not tell who he was; and endured much hardship,
living on bread and water, with a little straw for his bed. When
Hesdin was taken, M. de Vaudeville sent the news of it to him and
to the other prisoners, and the list of the killed, and among
them M. de Martigues: and when M. de Bauge heard with his own
ears his brother was dead, he fell to crying, weeping, and
lamentation. His guards asked him why he was so miserable: he
told them, for love of M. de Martigues, his brother. When he
heard this, the captain of the castle sent straight to tell M. de
Vaudeville he had a good prisoner: who was delighted at this, and
sent me next day with four soldiers, and his own physician, to
the castle, to say that if M. de Bauge would pay him fifteen
thousand crowns ransom, he would send him home free: and he asked
only the security of two Antwerp merchants that he should name.
M. de Vaudeville persuaded me I should commend this offer to his
prisoner: that is why he sent me to the castle. He told the
captain to treat him well and put him in a room with hangings,
and strengthen his guard: and from that time onward they made a
great deal of him, at the expense of M. de Vaudeville.

M. de Bauge answered that he could not pay his ransom himself: it
depended on M. d' Estampes his uncle, and Mlle. de Bressure his
aunt: he had no means to pay such a ransom. I went back with my
guards, and gave this answer to M. de Vaudeville; who said,
"Possibly he will not get away so cheap": which was true, for
they knew who he was. Then the Queen of Hungary and M. le Duc de
Savoie sent word to M. de Vaudeville that this mouthful was too
big for him, and he must send his prisoner to them (which he
did), and he had other prisoners enough without him. The ransom
paid was forty thousand crowns, without other expenses.

On my way back to M. de Vaudeville, I passed by Saint Omer, where
I saw their great cannons, most of which were fouled and broken.
Also I passed by Therouenne, where I saw not one stone left on
another, save a vestige of the great church: for the Emperor
ordered the country people for five or six leagues round to clear
and take away the stones; so that now you may drive a cart over
the town: and the same at Hesdin, and no trace of castle and
fortress. Such is the evil that wars bring with them.

To return to my story; M. de Vaudeville soon got the better of
his ulcer, and was nearly healed: so he let me go, and sent me by
a trumpet, with passport, as far as Abbeville. I posted from
here, and went to find my master, King Henry, at Aufimon, who
received me gladly and with good favour. He sent MM. de Guise,
the Constable, and d' Estres, to hear from me the capture of
Hesdin; and I made them a true report, and assured them I had
seen the great cannons they had taken to Saint Omer: and the King
was glad, for he had feared the enemy would come further into
France. He gave me two hundred crowns to take me home: and I was
thankful to be free, out of this great torment and thunder of the
diabolical artillery, and away from the soldiers, blasphemers and
deniers of God. I must add that after Hesdin was taken, the King
was told I was not killed but taken prisoner. He made M. Goguier,
his chief physician, write to my wife that I was living, and she
was not to be unhappy, and he would pay my ransom.




BATTLE OF SAINT QUENTIN. 1557


After the battle of Saint Quentin, the King sent me to La Fere en
Tartenois, to M. le Marechal de Bourdillon, for a passport to M.
le Duc de Savoie, that I might go and dress the Constable, who
had been badly wounded in the back with a pistol-shot, whereof he
was like to die, and remained prisoner in the enemy's hands. But
never would M. le Duc de Savoie let me go to him, saying he would
not die for want of a surgeon; that he much doubted I would go
there only to dress him, and not rather to take some secret
information to him; and that he knew I was privy to other things
besides surgery, and remembered I had been his prisoner at
Hesdin. M. le Marechal told the King of this refusal: who wrote
to M. le Marechal, that if Mme. the Constable's Lady would send
some quick-witted man of her household I would give him a letter,
and had also something to say to him by word of mouth, entrusted
to me by the King and by M. le Cardinal de Lorraine. Two days
later there came one of the Constable's gentlemen of the
bedchamber, with his shirts and other linen, to whom M. le
Marechal gave a passport to go to the Constable. I was very glad,
and gave him my letter, and instructed him what his master must
do now he was prisoner.

I thought, having finished my mission, to return to the King; but
M. le Marechal begged me to stop at La Fere with him, to dress a
very great number of wounded who had retreated there after the
battle, and he would write to the King to explain why I stopped;
which I did. Their wounds were very putrid, and full of worms,
with gangrene, and corruption; and I had to make free play with
the knife to cut off what was corrupt, which was not done without
amputation of arms and legs, and also sundry trepannings. They
found no store of drugs at La Fere, because the surgeons of the
camp had taken them all away; but I found the waggons of the
artillery there, and these had not been touched. I asked M. le
Marechal to let me have some of the drugs which were in them,
which he did; and I was given the half only at one time, and five
or six days later I had to take the rest; and yet it was not half
enough to dress the great number of wounded. And to correct and
stop the corruption, and kill the worms in their wounds, I washed
them with Aegyptiacum dissolved in wine and eau-de-vie, and did
all I could for them; but in spite of all my care many of them
died.

There were at La Fere some gentlemen charged to find the dead
body of M. de Bois-Dauphin the elder, who had been killed in the
battle; they asked me to go with them to the camp, to pick him
out, if we could, among the dead; but it was not possible to
recognize him, the bodies being all far gone in corruption, and
their faces changed. We saw more than half a league round us the
earth all covered with the dead; and hardly stopped there,
because of the stench of the dead men and their horses; and so
many blue and green flies rose from them, bred of the moisture of
the bodies and the heat of the sun, that when they were up in the
air they hid the sun. It was wonderful to hear them buzzing; and
where they settled, there they infected the air, and brought the
plague with them. Mon petit maistre, I wish you had been there
with me, to experience the smells, and make report thereof to
them that were not there.

I was very weary of the place; I prayed M. le Marechal to let me
leave it, and feared I should be ill there; for the wounded men
stank past all bearing, and they died nearly all, in spite of
everything we did. He got surgeons to finish the treatment of
them, and sent me away with his good favour. He wrote to the King
of the diligence I had shown toward the poor wounded. Then I
returned to Paris, where I found many more gentlemen, who had
been wounded and gone thither after the battle.




THE JOURNEY TO THE CAMP AT AMIENS. 1558


The King sent me to Dourlan, under conduct of Captain Gouast;
with fifty men-at-arms, for fear I should be taken by the enemy;
and seeing we were always in alarms on the way, I made my man let
down, and made him the master; for I got on his horse, which
carried my valise, and could go well if we had to make our
escape, and I took his cloak and hat and gave him my mount, which
was a good little mare; he being in front, you would have taken
him for the master and me for the servant The garrison inside
Dourlan, when they saw us, thought we were the enemy, and fired
their cannon at us. Captain Gouast, my conductor, made signs to
them with his hat that we were not the enemy; at last they ceased
firing, and we entered Dourlan, to our great relief.

Five or six days before this, a sortie had been made from
Dourlan; wherein many captains and brave soldiers had been killed
or wounded: and among the wounded was Captain Saint Aubin,
vaillant comme l' espce, a great friend of M. de Guise: for whose
sake chiefly the King had sent me there. Who, being attacked with
a quartan fever, yet left his bed to command the greater part of
his company. A Spaniard, seeing him in command, perceived he was
a captain, and shot him through the neck with an arquebus.
Captain Saint Aubin thought himself killed; and by this fright I
protest to God he lost his quartan fever, and was forever free of
it. I dressed him, with Antoine Portail, surgeon-in-ordinary of
the King; and many other soldiers. Some died, others got off with
the loss of an arm or a leg or an eye, and said they had got off
cheap, to be alive at all. Then, the enemy having broken up their
camp, I returned to Paris.

I say nothing here of mon petit maistre, who was more comfortable
in his house than I at the wars.




THE JOURNEY TO BOURGES. 1562


The King with his camp was but a short time at Bourges, till
those within the walls should surrender; and they came out with
their goods saved. I know nothing worth remembering, but that a
boy of the King's kitchen, having come near the walls of the town
before the agreement had been signed, cried with a loud voice,
"Huguenot, Huguenot, shoot here, shoot here," having his arm
thrown up and his hand spread out; a soldier shot his hand right
through with a bullet. When he was thus shot, he came to find me
to dress him. And the Constable seeing the boy in tears, with his
hand all bloody, asked who had wounded him: then a gentleman who
had seen him shot said it served him right, because he kept
calling "Huguenot, hit here, aim here." And then the Constable
said, this Huguenot was a good shot and a good fellow, for most
likely if he had chosen to fire at the boy's head, he would have
hit it even more easily than his hand. I dressed the kitchen boy,
who was very ill. He recovered, but with no power in his hand:
and from that time his comrades called him "Huguenot": he is
still living now.




THE JOURNEY TO ROUEN. 1562


Now, as for the capture of Rouen, they killed many of our men
both before and at the attack: and the very next day after we had
entered the town, I trepanned eight or nine of our men, who had
been wounded with stones as they were on the breach. The air was
so malignant, that many died, even of quite small wounds, so that
some thought the bullets had been poisoned; and those within the
town said the like of us; for though they had within the town all
that was needful, yet all the same they died like those outside.

The King of Navarre was wounded, some days before the attack,
with a bullet in the shoulder. I visited him, and helped to dress
him, with one of his own surgeons, Master Gilbert, one of the
chief men of Montpellier, and others. They could not find the
bullet. I searched for it very accurately, and found reason to
believe it had entered at the top of the arm, by the head of the
bone, and had passed into the hollow part of the bone, which was
why they could not find it; and most of them said it had entered
his body and was lost in it. M. le Prince de La Roche-sur-Yon,
who dearly loved the King of Navarre, drew me aside and asked if
the wound were mortal. I told him yes, because all wounds of
great joints, and especially contused wounds, were mortal,
according to all those who have written about them. He asked the
others what they thought of it, and chiefly Master Gilbert, who
told him he had great hope his Lord the King would recover; which
made the Prince very glad.

Four days later, the King, and the Queen-mother, and M. le
Cardinal de Bourbon, his brother, and M. le Prince de la Roche-
sur-Yon, and M. de Guise, and other great persons, after we had
dressed the King of Navarre, wished us to hold a consultation in
their presence, all the physicians and surgeons together. Each of
them said what he thought, and there was not one but had good
hope, they said, that he would recover. I persisted always in the
contrary. M. le Prince, who loved me, drew me aside, and said I
was alone against the opinion of all the others, and prayed me
not to be obstinate against so many good men. I answered, When I
shall see good signs of recovery, I will change my mind. Many
consultations were held, and I never changed what I said, and the
prognosis I had made at the first dressing, and said always the
arm would fall into a gangrene: which it did, for all the care
they could give to it; and he rendered his spirit to God the
eighteenth day after his wound.

M. le Prince, having heard of it, sent to me his surgeon, and his
physician, one Lefevre, now physician-in-ordinary to the King and
Queen-mother, to say he wished to have the bullet, and we were to
look for it, to see where it was. Then I was very glad, and
assured them I should quickly find it; which I did in their
presence, with many other gentlemen: it was just in the very
middle of the bone. M. le Prince took and showed it to the King
and to the Queen, who all said that my prognosis had come true.
The body was laid to rest at Chateau Gaillard: and I returned to
Paris, where I found many patients, who had been wounded on the
breach at Rouen, and chiefly Italians, who were very eager I
should dress them: which I did willingly. Many of them recovered:
the rest died. Mon petit maistre, I think you were called to
dress some, for the great number there was of them.




THE BATTLE OF DREUX. 1562


The day after the battle of Dreux, the King bade me go and dress
M. le Comte d'Eu, who had been wounded in the right thigh, near
the hip-joint, with a pistol-shot: which had smashed and broken
the thigh-bone into many pieces: whereon many accidents
supervened, and at last death, to my great grief. The day after I
came, I would go to the camp where the battle had been, to see
the dead bodies. I saw, for a long league round, the earth all
covered: they estimated it at twenty-five thousand men or more;
and it was all done in less than two hours. I wish, mon petit
maistre, for the love I bear you, you had been there, to tell it
to your scholars and your children.

Now while I was at Dreux, I visited and dressed a great number of
gentlemen, and poor soldiers, and among the rest many of the
Swiss captains. I dressed fourteen all in one room, all wounded
with pistol-shots and other diabolical firearms, and not one of
the fourteen died. M. le Comte d'Eu being dead, I made no long
stay at Dreux. Surgeons came from Paris, who fulfilled their duty
to the wounded, as Pigray, Cointeret, Hubert, and others; and I
returned to Paris, where I found many wounded gentlemen who had
retreated thither after the battle, to have their wounds dressed;
and I was not there without seeing many of them.




THE JOURNEY TO HAVRE DE GRACE. 1563


And I will not omit to tell of the camp at Havre de Grace. When
our artillery came before the walls of the town, the English
within the walls killed some of our men, and several pioneers who
were making gabions. And seeing they were so wounded that there
was no hope of curing them, their comrades stripped them, and put
them still living inside the gabions, which served to fill them
up. When the English saw that they could not withstand our
attack, because they were hard hit by sickness, and especially by
the plague, they surrendered. The King gave them ships to return
to England, very glad to be out of this plague-stricken place.
The greater part of them died, and they took the plague to
England, and they have not got rid of it since. Captain
Sarlabous, master of the camp, was left in garrison, with six
ensigns of infantry, who had no fear of the plague; and they were
very glad to get into the town, hoping to enjoy themselves there,
Mon petit maistre, if you had been there, you would have done as
they did.




THE JOURNEY TO BAYONNE. 1564


I went with the King on that journey to Bayonne, when we were two
years and more making the tour of well-nigh all this kingdom. And
in many towns and villages I was called in consultation over
sundry diseases, with the late M. Chapelain, chief physician to
the King, and M. Castellan, chief physician to the Queen-mother;
honorable men and very learned in medicine and surgery. During
this journey, I always inquired of the surgeons if they had noted
anything rare in their practices, so that I might learn something
new. While I was at Bayonne, two things happened worthy of remark
by young surgeons. The first is, I dressed a Spanish gentleman,
who had a great and enormous swelling of the throat. He had
lately been touched by the deceased King Charles for the king's
evil. I opened his swelling. ... I left him in the hands of a
surgeon of the town, to finish his cure. M. de Fontaine, Knight
of the Order of the King, had a severe continued pestilent fever,
accompanied with many inflammatory swellings in sundry parts of
the body. He had bleeding at the nose for two days, without
ceasing, nor could we staunch it: and after this haemorrhage the
fever ceased, with much sweating, and by and bye the swellings
suppurated, and he was dressed by me, and healed by the grace of
God.

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