Books: The Diary of Samuel Pepys

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16th. To the Duke where we met of course, and talked of our Navy
matters. Then to the Commission of Tangier, and there had my
Lord Peterborough's Commission read over; and Mr. Secretary
Bennet did make his querys upon it, in order to the drawing one
for my Lord Rutherford more regularly, that being a very
extravagant thing. Here long discoursing upon my Lord
Rutherford's despatch, and so broke up. Mr. Coventry and I
discoursed how the Treasurer doth intend to come to pay in
course, which is the thing of the world that will do the King the
greatest service in the Navy, and which joys my heart to hear of.
He tells me of the business of Sir J. Minnes, and Sir W. Pen;
which, he said, was chiefly to make Mr. Pett's being joyned with
Sir W. Batten to go down the better. And how he well sees that
neither one nor the other can do their duties without help.

17th. To St. Margaret's Hill in Southwark, where the Judge of
the Admiralty come, and the rest of the Doctors of the Civill
law, and some other Commissioners, whose Commission of Oyer and
Terminer was read, and then the charge, given by Dr. Exton, [Sir
Thomas Exton, Dean of the Arches and Judge of the Admiralty
Court.] which methought was somewhat dull, though he would seem
to intend it to be very rhetoricall, saying that Justice had two
wings, one of which spread itself over the land, and the other
over the water, which was this Admiralty Court. I perceive that
this Court is yet but in its infancy, (as to its rising again)
and their design and consultation was, I could overhear them, how
to proceed with the most solemnity, and spend time, there being
only two businesses to do, which of themselves could not spend
much time. Sir W. Batten and I to my Lord Mayor's, where we
found my Lord with Colonel Strangways [Giles Strangways, M.P. for
Dorsetshire.] and Sir Richard Floyd, [Probably Sir Richard
Lloyd., M.P. for Radnorshire.] Parliament-men, in the cellar
drinking, were we sat with them, and then up; and by and by come
in Sir Richard Ford. We had many discourses, but from all of
them I do find Sir R. Ford a very able man of his brains and
tongue, and a scholler. But my Lord Mayor a talking, bragging,
buffleheaded fellow, that would be thought to have led all the
City in the great business of bringing in the King, and that
nobody understood his plot, and the dark lanthorn he walked by;
but led them and plowed with them as oxen and asses (his own
words) to do what he had a mind: when in every discourse I
observe him to be as very a coxcombe as I could have thought had
been in the City. But he is resolved to do great matters in
pulling down the shops quite through the City, as he hath done in
many places, and will make a thorough passage quite through the
City, through Canning-street, which indeed will be very fine.
And then his precept, which he, in vain-glory, said he had drawn
up himself, and hath printed it, against coachmen and carmen
affronting of the gentry in the street; it is drawn so like a
fool, and some faults were openly found in it, that I believe he
will have so much wit as not to proceed upon it though it be
printed. Here we staid talking till eleven at night, Sir R. Ford
breaking to my Lord our business of our patent to be Justices of
the Peace in the City, which he stuck at mightily; but, however,
Sir R. Ford knows him to be a fool, and so in his discourse he
made him appear, and cajoled him into a consent to it: but so as
I believe when he comes to his right mind to-morrow he will be of
another opinion; and though Sir R. Ford moved it very weightily
and neatly, yet I had rather it had been spared now. But to see
how he rants, and pretends to sway all the City in the Court of
Aldermen, and says plainly that they cannot do, nor will he
suffer them to do, any thing but what he pleases; nor is there
any officer of the City but of his putting in; nor any man that
could have kept the City for the King thus well and long but him.
And if the country can be preserved, he will undertake that the
City shall not dare to stir again. When I am confident there is
no man almost in the City cares for him, nor hath he brains to
outwit any ordinary tradesman.

20th. Meeting with Mr. Kirton's kinsman in Paul's Church Yard,
he and I to a coffee-house; where I hear how there had like to
have been a surprizall of Dublin by some discontented
protestants, and other things of like nature; and it seems the
Commissioners have carried themselves so high for the Papists
that the others will not endure it. Hewlett and some others are
taken and clapped up; and they say the King hath sent over to
dissolve the Parliament there, who went very high against the
Commissioners. Pray God send all well!

21st. By appointment our full board met, and Sir Philip Warwick
and Sir Robert Long come from my Lord Treasurer to speak with us
about the state of the debts of the Navy; and how to settle it,
so as to begin upon the new foundation of 200,000l. per annum,
which the King is now resolved not to exceed.

22nd (Lord's day). Wrote out our bill for the Parliament about
our being made Justices of Peace in the City. So to church,
where a dull formall fellow that prayed for the right Hon. John
Lord Barkeley, Lord President of Connaught, &c. To my Lord
Sandwich, and with him talking a good while; I find the Court
would have this Indulgence go on, but the Parliament are against
it. Matters in Ireland are full of discontent.

29th. After dinner in comes Mr. Moore, and sat and talked with
us a good while; among other things, telling me that neither my
Lord nor he are under apprehensions of the late discourse in the
House of Commons, concerning resumption of Crowne lands.

APRIL 1st, 1663. I went to the Temple to my Cozen Roger Pepys,
to see and talk with him a little; who tells me that, with much
ado, the Parliament do agree to throw down Popery: but he says
it is with so much spite and passion, and an endeavour of
bringing all Non-conformists into the same condition, that he is
afraid matters will not yet go so well as he could wish.

2nd. Sir W. Pen told me, that this day the King hath sent to the
House his concurrence wholly with them against the Popish
priests, Jesuits, &c. which gives great content and I am glad of
it.

3rd. To the Tangier Committee, where we find ourselves at a
great stand; the establishment being but 7000l. per annum, and
the forces to be kept in the town at the least estimate that my
Lord Rutherford can be got to bring is 5300l. The charge of this
year's work of the Mole will be 13,000l.; besides 1000l. a-year
to my Lord Peterborough as a pension, and the fortifications and
contingencys, which puts us to a great stand. I find at Court
that there is some bad news from Ireland of an insurrection of
the Catholiques there, which puts them into an alarme. I hear
also in the City that for certain there is an embargo upon all
our ships in Spayne, upon this action of my Lord Windsor's at
Cuba, which signifies little or nothing, but only he hath a mind
to say that he hath done something before he comes back again.

4th. After dinner to Hide Parke; at the Parke was the King, and
in another coach my Lady Castlemaine, they greeting one another
at every turn.

8th. By water to White Hall, to chapel; where preached Dr.
Pierce, the famous man that preached the sermon so much cried up,
before the King against the Papists. His matter was the Devil
tempting our Saviour, being carried into the Wilderness by the
spirit. And he hath as much of natural eloquence as most men
that ever I heard in my life, mixed with so much learning. After
sermon I went up and saw the ceremony of the Bishop of
Peterborough's paying homage upon the knee to the King, while Sir
H. Bennet, Secretary, read the King's grant of the Bishopric of
Lincolne, to which he is translated. His name is Dr. Lany.
[Benjamin Lany, S. T. P., made Bishop of Peterborough 1660,
translated to Lincoln 1662-3, and to Ely 1667.] Here I also saw
the Duke of Monmouth, with his Order of the Garter, the first
time I ever saw it. I hear that the University of Cambridge did
treat him a little while since with all the honour possible, with
a comedy at Trinity College, and banquet; and made him Master of
Arts there. All which, they say, the King took very well. Dr.
Raynbow, Master of Magdalene, being now Vice-Chancellor. [Edward
Rainbow, chaplain to the King, and Dean of Peterborough, and in
1664 Bishop of Carlisle. Ob. 1684.]

12th. (Lord's day). Coming home to-night, a drunken boy was
carrying by our constable to our new pair of stocks to handsel
them.

14th. Sir G. Carteret tells me to-night that he perceives the
Parliament is likely to make a great bustle before they will give
the King any money; will call all things in question; and, above
all, the expences of the Navy; and do enquire into the King's
expences everywhere, and into the truth of the report of people
being forced to sell their bills at 15 per cent. losse in the
Navy; and, lastly, that they are in a very angry pettish mood at
present, and not likely to be better.

17th. It being Good Friday, our dinner was only sugar-sopps and
fish; the only time that we have had a Lenten dinner all this
Lent. To Paul's Church Yard, to cause the title of my English
"Mare Clausum" to be changed, and the new title dedicated to the
King, to be put to it, because I am ashamed to have the other
seen dedicated to the Commonwealth.

20th. With Sir G. Carteret and Sir John Minnes to my Lord
Treasurer's, thinking to have spoken about getting money for
paying the Yards; but we found him with some ladies at cards:
and so, it being a bad time to speak, we parted. This day the
little Duke of Monmouth was marryed at White Hall, in the King's
chamber; and to-night is a great supper and dancing at his
lodgings, near Charing-Cross. I observed his coate at the tail
of his coach: he gives the arms of England, Scotland, and
France, quartered upon some other fields, but what it is that
speaks his being a bastard I know not.

23th. I did hear that the Queene is much grieved of late at the
King's neglecting her, he having not supped once with her this
quarter of a year, and almost every night with my Lady
Castlemaine: who hath been with him this St. George's feast at
Windsor, and come home with him last night; and, which is more,
they say is removed as to her bed from her own home to a chamber
in White Hall, next to the King's owne; which I am sorry to hear,
though I love her much.

27th. By water to White Hall; but found the Duke of York gone to
St. James's for this summer; and thence with Mr. Coventry and Sir
W. Pen up to the Duke's closet. And a good while with him about
Navy business; and so I to White Hall, and there a long while
with my Lord Sandwich discoursing about his debt to the Navy,
wherein he hath given me some things to resolve him in.

The Queene (which I did not know,) it seems was at Windsor, at
the late St. George's feast there: and the Duke of Monmouth
dancing with her with his hat in his hand, the King came in and
kissed him, and made him put on his hat, which every body took
notice of.

28th. To Chelsey, where we found my Lord all alone with one
joynt of meat at dinner, and mightily extolling the manner of his
retirement, and the goodness of his diet: the mistress of the
house hath all things most excellently dressed; among others her
cakes admirable, and so good that my Lord's words were, they were
fit to present to my Lady Castlemaine. From ordinary discourse
my Lord fell to talk of other matters to me, of which chiefly the
second part of the fray, which he told me a little while since
of, between Mr. Edward Montagu and himself; that he hath forborn
coming to him almost two months, and do speak not only slightly
of my Lord every where, but hath complained to my Lord Chancellor
of him, and arrogated all that ever my Lord hath done to be only
by his direction and persuasion. Whether he hath done the like
to the King or no, my Lord knows not; but my Lord hath been with
the King since, and finds all things fair; and my Lord Chancellor
hath told him of it, but he so much contemns Mr. Montagu, as my
Lord knows himself very secure against any thing the fool can do;
and notwithstanding all this, so noble is his nature, that he
professes himself ready to show kindness and pity to Mr. Montagu
on any occasion. My Lord told me of his presenting Sir H. Bennet
with a, gold cup of 100l., which he refuses, with a compliment;
but my Lord would have been glad he had taken it, that be might
have had some obligations upon him which he thinks possible the
other may refuse to prevent it; not that he hath any reason to
doubt his kindness. But I perceive great differences there are
at Court: and Sir H. Bennet, and my Lord Bristol, and their
faction, are likely to carry all things before them, (which my
Lord's judgement is, will not be for the best,) and particularly
against the Chancellor, who, he tells me, is irrecoverably lost:
but, however, that he do so not actually joyne in any thing
against the Chancellor, whom he do own to be a most sure friend,
and to have been his greatest; and therefore will not; openly act
in either, but passively carry himself even. The Queene, my Lord
tells me, he thinks he hath incurred some displeasure with, for
his kindness to his neighbour my Lady Castlemaine. My Lord tells
me he hath no reason to fall for her sake, whose wit, management,
nor interest, is not likely to hold up any man, and therefore he
thinks it not his obligation to stand for her against his own
interest. The Duke and Mr. Coventry my Lord sees he is very well
with, and fears not but they will show themselves his very good
friends, specially at this time, he being able to serve them, and
they needing him, which he did not tell me wherein. Talking of
the business of Tangier, he tells me that my Lord Teviott is gone
away without the least respect paid to him, nor indeed to any
man, but without his commission; and (if it be true what he says)
having laid out seven or eight thousand pounds in commodities for
the place: and besides having not only disobliged all the
Commissioners for Tangier, but also Sir Charles Barkeley the
other day, who spoke in behalf of Colonel Fitz-Gerald, that
having been deputy-governor there already, he ought to have
expected and had the governorship upon the death or removal of
the former Governor and whereas it is said that he and his men
are Irish, which is indeed the main thing that hath moved the
King and Council to put in Teviott to prevent the Irish having
too great and the whole command there under Fitz-Gerald; he
further said that there was never an Englishman fit to command
Tangier; my Lord Teviott answered yes, there were many more fit
than himself or Fitz-Gerald either. So that Fitz-Gerald being so
great with the Duke of York, and being already made deputy-
governor, independent of my Lord Teviott, and he being also left
here behind him for a while, my Lord Sandwich do think, that,
putting all these things together, the few friends he hath left,
and the ill posture of his affairs, my Lord Teviott is not a man
of the conduct and management that either people take him to be,
or is fit for the command of the place. And here, speaking of
the Duke of York and Sir Charles Barkeley, my Lord tells me that
he do very much admire the good management, and discretion, and
nobleness of the Duke, that however he may be led by him or Mr.
Coventry singly in private, yet he did not observe that in public
matters but he did give as ready hearing, and as good acceptance
to any reasons offered by any other man against the opinions of
them, as he did to them, and would concur in the prosecution of
it. Then we come to discourse upon his own sea-accompts, and
come to a resolution how to proceed in them: wherein, though I
offered him a way of evading the greatest part of his debt
honestly, by making himself debtor to the Parliament before the
King's time, which he might justly do, yet he resolved to go
openly and nakedly in it, and put himself to the kindness of the
King and Duke, which humour, I must confess, and so did tell him
(with which he was not a little pleased) had thriven very well
with him, being known to be a man of candid and open dealing,
without any private tricks or hidden designs as other men
commonly have in what they do. From that we had discourse of Sir
G. Carteret, and of many others; and upon the whole I do find
that it is a troublesome thing for a man of any condition at
Court to carry himself even, and without contracting envy or
envyers; and that much discretion and dissimulation is necessary
to do it.

MAY 4, 1663. To St. James's; where Mr. Coventry, Sir W. Pen and
I staid for the Duke's coming in, but not coming, we walked to
White Hall; and meeting the King, we followed him into the Parke,
where Mr. Coventry and he talking of building a new yacht out of
his private purse, he having some contrivance of his own. The
talk being done, we fell off to White Hall, leaving the King in
the Park; and going back, met the Duke going towards St. James's
to meet us. So he turned back again, and to his closet at White
Hall; and there, my Lord Sandwich present, we did our weekly
errand, and so broke up; and I to the garden with my Lord
Sandwich, (after we had sat an hour at the Tangier Committee;)
and after talking largely of his own businesses, we began to talk
how matters are at Court: and though he did not flatly tell me
any such thing, yet I do suspect that all is not kind between the
King and the Duke, and that the King's fondness to the little
Duke do occasion it; and it may be that there is some fear of his
being made heire to the Crown. But this my Lord did not tell me,
but is my guess only; and that my Lord Chancellor is without
doubt falling past hopes.

5th. With Sir J. Minnes, he telling many old stories of the
Navy, and of the state of the Navy at the beginning of the late
troubles, and I am troubled at my heart to think, and shall
hereafter cease to wonder, at the bad success of the King's
cause, when such a knave as he (if it be true what he says) had
the whole management of the fleet, and the design of putting out
of my Lord Warwicke, [Henry Rich, Earl of Warwick and Holland;
beheaded for putting himself in arms to aid Charles I.] and
carrying the fleet to the King, wherein he failed most fatally to
the King's ruine.

6th. To the Exchange with Creed, where we met Sir J. Minnes, who
tells us, in great heat, that the Parliament will make mad work;
that they will render all men incapable of any military or civil
employment that have borne arms in the late troubles against the
King, excepting some persons; which, if it be so, as I hope it is
not, will give great cause of discontent, and I doubt will have
but bad effects.

Sir Thomas Crewe this day tells me that the Queene, hearing that
there was 40,000l. per annum brought into her account among the
other expences of the Crown before the Committee of Parliament,
she took order to let them know that she hath yet for the payment
of her whole family received but 4000l., which is a notable act
of spirit, and I believe is true.

7th. To my Lord Crewe's, and there dined with him. He tells me
of the order the House of Commons have made for the drawing an
Act for the rendering none capable of preferment or employment in
the State, but who have been loyall and constant to the King and
Church; which will be fatal to a great many, and makes me doubt
lest I myself, with all my innocence during the late times,
should be brought in, being employed in the Exchequer; but, I
hope, God will provide for me.

10th. Put on a black cloth suit, with white lynings under all,
as the fashion is to wear, to appear under the breeches. I
walked to St. James's, and was there at masse, and was forced in
the croud to kneel down: and masse being done, to the King's
Head ordinary, where many Parliament-men; and most of their talk
was about the news from Scotland, that the Bishop of Galloway was
besieged in his house by some women, and had like to have been
outraged, but I know not how he was secured; which is bad news,
and looks as it did in the beginning of the late troubles. From
thence they talked of rebellion; and I perceive they make it
their great maxime to be sure to master the City of London,
whatever comes of it or from it.

11th. With Sir W. Pen to St. James's, where we attended the Duke
of York: and, among other things, Sir G. Carteret and I had a
great dispute about the different value of the pieces of eight
rated by Mr. Creed at 4s. and 5d., and by Pitts at 4s. and 9d.,
which was the greatest husbandry to the King? he proposing that
the greatest sum was; which is as ridiculous a piece of ignorance
as could be imagined. However, it is to be argued at the Board,
and reported to the Duke next week; which I shall do with
advantage, I hope. I went homeward, after a little discourse
with Mr. Pierce the surgeon, who tells me that my Lady
Castlemaine hath now got lodgings near the King's chamber at
Court; and that the other day Dr. Clarke and he did dissect two
bodies, a man and a woman, before the King, with which the King
was highly pleased.

14th. Met Mr. Moore; and with him to an ale-house in Holborne;
where in discourse he told me that he fears the King will be
tempted to endeavour the setting the Crown upon the little Duke,
which may cause troubles; which God forbid, unless it be his due!
He told me my Lord do begin to settle to business again; and that
the King did send for him the other day to my Lady Castlemaine's,
to play at cards, where he lost 50l.; for which I am sorry,
though he says my Lord was pleased at it, and said he would be
glad at any time to lose 50l. for the King to send for him to
play, which I do not so well like.

15th. I walked in the Parke, discoursing with the keeper of the
Pell Mell, who was sweeping of it; who told me of what the earth
is mixed that do floor the Mall, and that over all there is
cockle-shells powdered, and spread to keep it fast; which,
however, in dry weather, turns to dust and deads the ball.
Thence to Mr. Coventry; and sitting by his bedside, he did tell
me that he did send for me to discourse upon my Lord Sandwich's
allowances for his several pays, and what his thoughts are
concerning his demands; which he could not take the freedom to do
face to face, it being not so proper as by me: and did give me a
most friendly and ingenuous account of all; telling me how
unsafe, at this juncture, while every man's, and his actions
particularly, are descanted upon, it is either for him to put the
Duke upon doing, or my Lord himself to desire anything
extraordinary, 'specially the King having been so bountifull
already; which the world takes notice of even to some repinings.
All which he did desire me to discourse to my Lord of; which I
have undertaken to do. At noon by coach to my Lord Crewe's,
hearing that my Lord Sandwich dined there; where I told him what
had passed between Mr. Coventry and myself; with which he was
contented, though I could perceive not very well pleased. And I
do believe that my Lord do find some other things go against his
mind in the House; for in the motion made the other day in the
House by my Lord Bruce, that none be capable of employment but
such as have been loyal and constant to the King and Church, that
the General and my Lord were mentioned to be excepted; and my
Lord Bruce did come since to my Lord, to clear himself that he
meant nothing to his prejudice, nor could it have any such effect
if he did mean it. After discourse with my Lord, to dinner with
him; there dining there my Lord Montagu of Boughton, [Edward,
second Lord Montagu of Boughton, in 1664 succeeded his father,
who had been created a Baron by James I., and died 1684, leaving
a son afterwards Duke of Montagu.] Mr. William Montagu his
brother, the Queene's Sollicitor, &c., and a fine dinner. Their
talk about a ridiculous falling-out two days ago at my Lord of
Oxford's house, at an entertainment of his, there being there my
Lord of Albemarle, Lynsey, two of the Porters, my Lord Bellasses,
and others, where there were high words and some blows, and
pulling off of perriwiggs; till my Lord Monk took away some of
their swords, and sent for some soldiers to guard the house till
the fray was ended. To such a degree of madness the nobility of
this age is come! After dinner, I went up to Sir Thomas Crewe,
who lies there not very well in his head, being troubled with
vapours and fits of dizzinesse: and there I sat talking with him
all the afternoon upon the unhappy posture of things at this
time; that the King do mind nothing but pleasures, and hates the
very sight or thoughts of business. If any of the sober
counsellors give him good advice, and move him in any way that is
to his good and honour, the other part, which are his counsellors
of pleasure, take him when he is with my Lady Castlemaine, and in
a humour of delight, and then persuade him that he ought not to
hear or listen to the advice of those old dotards or counsellors
that were heretofore his enemies when, God knows! it is they
that now-a-days do most study his honour. It seems the present
favourites now are my Lord Bristol, Duke of Buckingham, Sir H.
Bennet, my Lord Ashley, and Sir Charles Barkeley; who, among
them, have cast my Lord Chancellor upon his back, past ever
getting up again: there being now little for him to do, and he
waits at Court; attending to speak to the King as others do:
which I pray God may prove of good effects, for it is feared it
will be the same with my Lord Treasurer shortly. But strange to
hear how my Lord Ashley, by my Lord Bristol's means, (he being
brought over to the Catholique party against the Bishops, whom he
hates to the death, and publicly rails against them; not that he
is become a Catholique, but merely opposes the Bishops; and yet,
for aught I hear, the Bishop of London keeps as great with the
King as ever,) is got into favour, so much that, being a man of
great business and yet of pleasure, and drolling too, he, it is
thought, will be made Lord Treasurer upon the death or removal of
the good old man. [The Earl of Southampton.] My Lord Albemarle,
I hear, do bear through and bustle among them, and will not be
removed from the King's good opinion and favour, though none of
the Cabinet; but yet he is envied enough. It is made very
doubtful whether the King do not intend the making of the Duke of
Monmouth legitimate; but surely the Commons of England will never
do it, nor the Duke of York suffer it, whose Lady I am told is
very troublesome to him by her jealousy. No care is observed to
be taken of the main chance, either for maintaining of trade or
opposing of factions, which, God knows, are ready to break out,
if any of them (which God forbid!) should dare to begin; the
King and every man about him minding so much their pleasures or
profits. My Lord Hinchingbroke, I am told, hath had a mischance
to kill his boy by his birding-piece going off as he was a
fowling. The gun was charged with small shot, and hit the boy in
the face and about the temples, and he lived four days. In
Scotland, it seems, for all the newsbooks tell us every week that
they are all so quiet, and every thing in the Church settled, the
old woman had liked to have killed, the other day, the Bishop of
Galloway, and not half the Churches of the whole kingdom conform.
Strange were the effects of the late thunder and lightning about
a week since at Northampton, coming with great rain, which caused
extraordinary floods in a few houres, bearing away bridges,
drowning horses, men, and cattle. Two men passing over a bridge
on horseback, the arches before and behind them were borne away,
and that left which they were upon: but, however, one of the
horses fell over, and was drowned. Stacks of faggots carried as
high as a steeple, and other dreadful things; which Sir Thomas
Crewe showed me letters to him about from Mr. Freemantle and
others, that it is very true. The Portugalls have choused us, it
seems, in the Island of Bombay, in the East Indys; for after a
great charge of our fleets being sent thither with full
commission from the King of Portugall to receive it, the
Governour by some pretence or other will not deliver it to Sir
Abraham Shipman, sent from the King, nor to my Lord of
Marlborough; [James Ley, third Earl of Marlborough, killed in the
great sea-fight with the Dutch, 1665.] which the King takes
highly ill, and I fear our Queene will fare the worse for it.
The Dutch decay there exceedingly, it being believed that their
people will revolt from them there, and they forced to give up
their trade. Sir Thomas showed me his picture and Sir Anthony
Vandyke's in crayon in little, done exceedingly well.