Books: The Life of George Borrow
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Herbert Jenkins >> The Life of George Borrow
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{143a} A copy was presented by John Hasfeldt to Pushkin, who
expressed in a note to Borrow his gratification at receiving the
book, and his regret at not having met the translator.
{143b} These two volumes were printed in one and published at a
later date by Messrs Jarrold & Son, London & Norwich.
{143c} 5th March 1836.
{143d} From a letter to Borrow from Dr Gordon Hake.
{143e} Borrow's Report to the Committee of the Bible Society,
received 23rd September 1835.
{144a} Borrow's Report to the Committee of the Bible Society,
received 23rd September 1835.
{144b} Ibid.
{145a} Kak my tut kamasa.
{145b} Borrow's Report to the Committee of the Bible Society,
received 23rd September 1835. He gives an account of the episode in
The Gypsies of Spain, page 6.
{146a} The Thirty-First Annual Report.
{146b} Athenaeum, 5th March 1836.
{147a} Borrow's Report to the Committee of the Bible Society,
received 23rd September 1835.
{148a} 18th/30th June 1834.
{149a} 27th October 1835.
{150a} His salary was paid continuously, and included the period of
rest between the Russian and Peninsula expeditions.
{150b} Letter to Rev. J. Jowett, 26th October 1835.
{150c} In a letter dated 27th October 1835.
{151a} Minutes of the General Committee of the Bible Society, 2nd
Nov. 1835.
{153a} In his first letter from Spain, addressed to Rev. J. Jowett
(30th Nov. 1835), Borrow tells of this incident in practically the
same words as it appears in The Bible in Spain, pages 1-3.
{154a} The Bible in Spain, pages 73-4.
{154b} Letter to the Rev. J. Jowett, 30th Nov. 1835.
{155a} Dr Knapp states that upon this expedition he was accompanied
by Captain John Rowland Heyland of the 35th Regiment of Foot, whose
acquaintance he had made on the voyage out.--Life of George Borrow,
i., page 234.
{155b} Letter to Rev. J. Jowett, 30th Nov. 1835.
{155c} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 15th Dec. 1835.
{159a} Letter to Dr Bowring, 26th December 1835.
{159b} The Bible in Spain, page 67.
{159c} Dated 8th and 10th January 1836, giving an account of his
journey to Evora.
{160a} The Bible in Spain, page 78.
{160b} The Bible in Spain, pages 77-8.
{161a} The Bible in Spain, page 87.
{161b} The Bible in Spain, page 88.
{162a} The Bible in Spain, page 99.
{162b} Lavengro, page 191.
{162c} The Bible in Spain, pages 97-8.
{162d} Not 5th Jan., as given in The Bible in Spain.
{162e} The Bible in Spain, page 103.
{164a} The Bible in Spain, Preface, page vi.
{164b} The Gypsies of Spain, page 179.
{164c} "Throughout my life the Gypsy race has always had a peculiar
interest for me. Indeed I can remember no period when the mere
mention of the name Gypsy did not awaken within me feelings hard to
be described. I cannot account for this--I merely state it as a
fact."--The Gypsies of Spain, page 1.
{165a} The Gypsies of Spain, pages 184-5.
{165b} The Gypsies of Spain, page 186.
{166a} The Bible in Spain, page 109.
{166b} Dr Knapp states that the wedding described in The Gypsies of
Spain took place during these three days.--Life of George Borrow, by
Dr Knapp, i., page 242.
{167a} The Bible in Spain, page 162.
{167b} "I am not partial to Madrid, its climate, or anything it can
offer, if I except its unequalled gallery of pictures."--Letter to
Rev. A. Brandram, 22nd March 1836.
{167c} 24th February 1836.
{167d} Letter to his mother, 24th February 1836.
{168a} Letter to his mother, 24th February 1836
{168b} Ibid.
{168c} Ibid.
{168d} Ibid.
{169a} The Bible in Spain, page 173.
{170a} Born 1790, commissariat contractor in 1808 during the French
invasion, he was of great assistance to his country. In 1823 he fled
from the despotism of Ferdinand VII.; he returned twelve years later
as Minister of Finance under Toreno. He resigned in 1837, was again
in power in 1841, and died in 1853.
{170b} George William Villiers, afterwards 4th Earl of Clarendon,
born 12th Jan. 1800; created G.C.B., 19th Oct. 1837; succeeded his
uncle as Earl of Clarendon, 1838; K.G., 1849. He twice refused a
Marquisate, also the Governor-generalship of India. He refused the
Order of the Black Eagle (Prussia) and the Legion of Honour. Lord
Privy Seal, 1839-41; Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1840-1,
1864-5; Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 1847-52. Secretary of State for
Foreign Affairs, 1853-8, 1865-6, 1868-9. Died 27th June 1870.
{171a} The Bible in Spain, page 165.
{173a} Extracts accompanying letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 22nd March
1836.
{173b} Ibid.
{173c} Ibid.
{174a} Letter of 22nd March 1837.
{175a} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 22nd May 1836.
{175b} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 22nd May 1836.
{175c} Letter dated 6th April 1836.
{175d} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 20th April 1836.
{175e} Ibid.
{176a} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 20th April 1836.
{176b} Ibid. Borrow's destitution was entirely accidental, and
immediately that his letter was received at Earl Street the sum of
twenty-five pounds was forwarded to him.
{177a} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 20th April 1836.
{178a} Letter of 9th May 1836.
{178b} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 30th June 1836.
{178c} Ibid.
{178d} Ibid.
{179a} The Duke's secretary who had shown so profound a respect for
the decrees of the Council of Trent.
{179b} Late of the Royal Navy, who for sheer love of the work
distributed the Scriptures in Spain, and who later was to come into
grave conflict with Borrow.
{180a} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 30th June 1836.
{181a} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 7th July 1836.
{181b} Ibid.
{181c} Ibid.
{181d} Ibid.
{182a} Dr Usoz was a Spaniard of noble birth, a pupil of Mezzofanti,
and one of the editors of El Espanol. He occupied the chair of
Hebrew at Valladolid. He was deeply interested in the work of the
Bible Society, and was fully convinced that in nothing but the
reading of the Bible could the liberty in Spain be found.
{182b} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 25th December 1837.
{182c} La Granja was a royal palace some miles out of Madrid, to
which the Queen Regent had withdrawn. On the night of 12th August,
two sergeants had forced their way into the Queen Regent's presence,
and successfully demanded that she should restore the Constitution of
1812. This incident was called the Revolution of La Granja.
{183a} The Bible in Spain, pages 197-206.
{183b} 30th July 1836.
{183c} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 10th August 1836.
{184a} 17th October 1836.
{185a} The Bible in Spain, pages 209-11.
{185b} Ibid., page 211.
{186a} The Rev. Wentworth Webster in The Journal of Gypsy Lore
Society, vol. i., July 1888-Oct. 1889.
{187a} Letter from Rev. A. Brandram, 6th Jan. 1837.
{188a} Isidor Just Severin, Baron Taylor (1789-1879), was a
naturalised Frenchman and a great traveller. In 1821 he, with
Charles Nodier, wrote the play Bertram, which was produced with great
success at Paris in 1821. Later he was made Commissaire du Theatre
Francais, and authorised the production of Hernani and Le Mariage de
Figaro. Later he became Inspecteur-General des Beaux Arts (1838).
When seen by Borrow in Seville he was collecting Spanish pictures for
Louis-Philippe.
{189a} The Bible in Spain, page 221.
{190a} The Bible in Spain, page 237.
{190b} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 26th Dec. 1836.
{191a} In letter to the Rev. A. Brandram (26th Dec. 1836), Borrow
gives the quantity of brandy as two bottles. This letter was written
within a few hours of the act and is more likely to be accurate.
{191b} The Bible in Spain, page 254.
{191c} Borrow's letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 14th Jan. 1837.
{191d} He was authorised to purchase 600 reams at 60 reals per ream,
whereas he paid only 45 reals a ream for a paper "better," he wrote,
"than I could have purchased at 70."
{192a} Author of La Historia de las Cortes de Espana durante el
Siglo XIX. (1885) and other works of a political character. He was
also proprietor and editor of El Espanol. Isturitz had intended
raising Borrego to the position of minister of finance when his
government suddenly terminated.
{192b} General report prepared by Borrow in the Autumn of 1838 for
the General Committee of the Bible Society detailing his labours in
Spain. This was subsequently withdrawn, probably on account of its
somewhat aggressive tone. In the course of this work the document
will be referred to as General Report, Withdrawn.
{192c} To Rev. A. Brandram, 14th Jan. 1837.
{193a} To Rev. A. Brandram, 14th Jan. 1837.
{194a} 27th January 1837.
{194b} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 27th Feb. 1837.
{195a} Letter from Rev. A. Brandram to Borrow, 22nd March 1837.
{195b} Letter from Borrow to Rev. A. Brandram, 25th Dec. 1837.
{195c} Letter from Borrow to Rev. A. Brandram, 27th February 1837.
{195d} Rev. Wentworth Webster in The Journal of the Gypsy Lore
Society, vol. i., July 1888-October 1889.
{196a} General Report withdrawn.
{196b} General Report, withdrawn.
{196c} Borrow to Richard Ford. Letters of Richard Ford 1797-1858.
Ed. R. E. Prothero. Murray, 1905.
{197a} Letter from Borrow to Rev. A. Brandram, 7th June 1837.
{197b} Ibid.
{197c} Ibid.
{198a} Letter from Borrow to the Rev. A. Brandram, 27th February
1837.
{199a} As the method adopted was practically the same in every town
he visited, no further reference need be made to the fact, and in the
brief survey of the journeys that Borrow himself has described so
graphically, only incidents that tend to throw light upon his
character or disposition, and such as he has not recorded himself,
will be dealt with.
{200a} Via Pitiegua, Pedroso, Medina del Campo, Duenas Palencia.
"I suffered dreadfully during this journey," Borrow wrote, "as did
likewise my man and horses, for the heat was the fiercest which I
have ever known, and resembled the breath of the simoon or the air
from an oven's mouth."--Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 5th July 1837.
{200b} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 5th July 1837.
{201a} The Bible in Spain, pages 352-4.
{202a} The Bible in Spain, page 364.
{203a} This is the story particularly referred to by Richard Ford in
report upon the MS. of The Bible in Spain.
{203b} In the Report to the General Committee of the Bible Society
on Past and Future Operations in Spain, November 1838.
{204a} The Bible in Spain, page 409.
{204b} In The Bible in Spain Borrow says he was arrested on
suspicion of being the Pretender himself; but in a letter to Rev. A.
Brandram, 15th September 1837, he says that he and his guide were
seized as Carlist spies, and makes no mention of Don Carlos.
{205a} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 15th September 1837.
{205b} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 29th September 1837.
{205c} By way of Ferrol, Novales, Santa Maria, Coisa d'Ouro,
Viviero, Foz, Rivadeo, Castro Pol, Navaia, Luarca, the Caneiro, Las
Bellotas, Soto Luino, Muros, Aviles and Gijon.
{205d} To the Rev. A. Brandram, 29th Sept. 1837. The story also
appears in The Bible in Spain, pages 479-480.
{206a} Borrow's original idea in printing only the New Testament was
that in Spain and Portugal he deemed it better not to publish the
whole Bible, at least not "until the inhabitants become
christianised," because the Old Testament "is so infinitely
entertaining to the carnal man," and he feared that in consequence
the New Testament would be little read. Later he saw his mistake,
and was constantly asking for Bibles, for which there was a big
demand.
{207a} To Rev. A. Brandram, 29th September 1837.
{208a} George Dawson Flinter, an Irishman in the service of Queen
Isabella II., who fought for his adopted Queen with courage and
distinction, and eventually committed suicide as a protest against
the monstrously unjust conspiracy to bring about his ruin, September
{209a} By way of Ontaneda, Ona, Burgos, Vallodolid, Guadarrama.
{209b} General Report, withdrawn.
{209c} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 1st November 1837.
{210a} The Bible in Spain, page 507.
{211a} He was created G.C.B. 19th Oct. 1837.
{212a} Letter from Borrow to the Rev. A. Brandram, 20th Nov. 1837.
{212b} To the Rev. A. Brandram, 20th Nov. 1837.
{213a} History of the British and Foreign Bible Society, W. Canton.
{213b} Letter from Borrow to Rev. A. Brandram, 30th March 1838.
{214a} Mr Brandram wrote to Graydon (12th April 1838): "Mr Rule
being at Madrid and having conferred with Mr Borrow and Sir George
Villiers, it appears to have struck them all three that a visit on
your part to Cadiz and Seville could not at present be advantageous
to our cause."
{214b} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 20th November 1837.
{214c} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 28th November 1837. The comment
on the badness of the London edition had reference to the
translation, which Borrow had condemned with great vigour; he
subsequently admitted that he had been too sweeping in his
disapproval.
{215a} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 28th November 1837.
{215b} Sir George Villiers to Viscount Palmerston, 5th May 1838.
{215c} Ibid.
{216a} The Gypsies of Spain, page 241.
{216b} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 25th Dec. 1837.
{216c} These Bibles fetched, the large edition (Borrow wrote "I
would give my right hand for a thousand of them") 17s. each, and the
smaller 7s. each, whereas the New Testaments fetched about half-a
crown.
{216d} Letter dated 16th Jan. 1838.
{217a} In The Bible in Spain he says "the greater part," in The
Gypsies of Spain he says "the whole."
{217b} The Gypsies of Spain, page 275.
{218a} The Gypsies of Spain, page 280.
{218b} Ibid.
{218c} Ibid., page 282.
{219a} On 25th December 1837.
{219b} It is strange that Borrow should insist that he had Sir
George Villiers' approval; for Sir George himself has clearly stated
that he strongly opposed the opening of the Despacho.
{220a} 15th January 1838.
{221a} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 30th March 1838.
{221b} In The Gypsies of Spain Borrow gives the number as 500 (page
281); but the Resolution, confirmed 20th March 1837, authorised the
printing of 250 copies only. In all probability the figures given by
Borrow are correct, as in a letter to Mr Brandram, dated 18th July
1839, he gives his unsold stock of books at Madrid as:-
Of Testaments . . . . . . . 962
Of Gospels in the Gypsy Tongue . 286
Of ditto in Basque . . . . . 394
{222a} Original Report, withdrawn.
{222b} The Gypsies of Spain, pages 280-1.
{224a} Letter from Borrow to Rev. A. Brandram, 17th March 1838.
{224b} The History of the British and Foreign Bible Society, by W.
Canton.
{225a} Mr Canton writes in The History of the British and Foreign
Bible Society: "His [Graydon's] opportunity was indeed
unprecedented; and had he but more accurately appreciated the
unstable political conditions of the country, the susceptibilities,
suspicious and precarious tenure of ministers and placemen, the
temper of the priesthood, their sensitive attachment to certain
tenets of their faith, and their enormous influence over the civil
power, there is reason to believe that he might have brought his
mission to a happier and more permanent issue."
{226a} [11th] May 1838.
{227a} Letter from George Borrow to Rev. A. Brandram [11th] May
1838.
{227b} 23rd April 1838.
{227c} The Marin episode is amazing. The object of distributing the
Scriptures was to enlighten men's minds and bring about conversion,
and a priest was a distinct capture, more valuable by far than a
peasant, and likely to influence others; yet when they had got him no
one appears to have known exactly what to do, and all were anxious to
get rid of him again.
{228a} The Bible in Spain, page 536.
{228b} Ibid.
{229a} Original Report, withdrawn.
{229b} Original Report, withdrawn.
{231a} Sometimes this personage is referred to in official papers as
the "Political Chief," a too literal translation of Gefe Politico.
In all cases it has been altered to Civil Governor to preserve
uniformity. Many of the official translations of Foreign Office
papers can only be described as grotesque.
{232a} This is the official translation among the Foreign Office
papers at the Record Office.
{232b} The Bible in Spain, page 539.
{233a} There is an error in the dating of this letter. It should be
1st May.
{234a} In a letter to Count Ofalia, Sir George Villiers states that
"George Borrow, fearing violence, prudently abstained from going to
his ordinary place of abode."
{234b} Borrow pays a magnificent and well-deserved tribute to this
queen among landladies. (The Bible in Spain, pages 256-7.) She was
always his friend and frequently his counsellor, thinking nothing of
the risk she ran in standing by him during periods of danger. She
refused all inducements to betray him to his enemies, and, thoroughly
deserved the eulogy that Borrow pronounced upon her.
{234c} It was subsequently stated that the arrest was ordered
because Borrow had refused to recognise the Civil Governor's
authority and made use "of offensive expressions" towards his person.
The Civil Governor had no authority over British subjects, and Borrow
was right in his refusal to acknowledge his jurisdiction.
{235a} The Bible in Spain, page 547.
{238a} Dispatch from Sir George Villiers to Viscount Palmerston, 5th
May.
{238b} Ibid.
{239a} Despatch from Sir George Villiers to Viscount Palmerston,
12th May 1838.
{239b} Ibid.
{240a} Despatch from Sir George Villiers to Viscount Palmerston.
{240b} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 17th May 1838.
{241a} Despatch from Sir George Villiers to Viscount Palmerston, 5th
May 1838.
{241b} In a letter to the Rev. A. Brandram, 17th May 1838.
{242a} The Official Translation among the Foreign Office Papers at
the Record Office.
{242b} Mr William Mark's (the British Consul at Malaga) Official
account of the occurrence, 16th May 1838.
{243a} Mr William Mark's (the British Consul at Malaga) Official
account of the occurrence, 16th May 1838.
{243b} Ibid.
{243c} Despatch to Viscount Palmerston, 12th May 1838.
{243d} Ibid.
{244a} Despatch to Viscount Palmerston, 12th May 1838.
{244b} Ibid.
{244c} Sir George Villiers' Despatch to Viscount Palmerston, 12th
May 1838.
{246a} The Official Translation among the Foreign Office Papers at
the Record Office.
{246b} The Bible in Spain, page 578.
{247a} The Gypsies of Spain, page 241.
{247b} The Bible in Spain, page 579.
{249a} History of the British and Foreign Bible Society. By W.
Canton.
{252a} On [11th] May 1838.
{253a} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 17th May 1838.
{254a} Letter from Borrow to Rev. A. Brandram, 25th May 1838.
{255a} The Official Translation among the Foreign Office Papers at
the Record Office.
{255b} Sir George Villiers to Count Ofalia, 25th May 1838.
{255c} Letter to Mr A. Brandram, 25th May 1838.
{256a} At the time of writing Borrow had not seen any of these
tracts himself; but Sir George Villiers, who had, expressed the
opinion that "one or two of them were outrages not only to common
sense but to decency."--Borrow to the Rev. A. Brandram, 25th June
1838.
{256b} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 14th June 1838.
{257a} Letter from Borrow to Rev. A. Brandram, 14th June 1838.
{257b} Ibid.
{259a} The quotations from Lieut. Graydon's tracts were not sent by
Borrow to Mr Brandram until some weeks later. They ran:- A True
History of the Dolorous Virgin to whom the Rebellious and Fanatical
Don Carlos Has Committed His Cause and the Ignorance which It
Displays.
EXTRACTS.
Page 17. You will readily see in all those grandiose epithets
showered upon Mary, the work of the enemy of God, which tending
essentially towards idolatry has managed, under the cloak of
Christianity, to introduce idolatry, and endeavours to divert to a
creature, and even to the image of that creature, the adoration which
is due to God alone. Without doubt it is with this very object that
on all sides we see erected statues of Mary, adorned with a crown,
and bearing in her arms a child of tender years, as though to
accustom the populace intimately to the idea of Mary's superiority
over Jesus.
Page 30. This, then, is our conclusion. In recognising and
sanctioning this cult, the Church of Rome constitutes itself an
idolatrous Church, and every member of it who is incapable of
detecting the truth behind the monstrous accumulation of impieties
with which they veil it, is proclaimed by the Church as condemned to
perdition. The guiding light of this Church, which they are not
ashamed to smother or to procure the smothering of, by which
nevertheless they hold their authority, to be plain, the word of God,
should at least teach them, if they set any value on the Spirit of
Christ, that their Papal Bulls would be better directed to the
cleansing of the Roman Church from all its iniquities than to the
promulgation of such unjust prohibitions. Yet in struggling against
better things, this Church is protecting and hallowing in all
directions an innumerable collection of superstitions and false
cults, and it is clear that by this means it is abased and labelled
as one of the principal agents of Anti-Christ."
{262a} The History of the British and Foreign Bible Society, by W.
Canton.
{265a} This letter reached Borrow when his "foot was in the
stirrup," as he phrased it, ready to set out for the Sagra of Toledo.
He felt that it could only have originated with "the enemy of mankind
for the purpose of perplexing my already harrassed and agitated
mind"; but he continues, "merely exclaiming 'Satan, I defy thee,' I
hurried to the Sagra. . . . But it is hard to wrestle with the great
enemy." General Report, withdrawn.
{265b} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 14th July 1838.
{265c} Mr Brandram informed Borrow that the General Committee wished
him to visit England if he could do so without injury to the cause
(29th June).
{266a} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 14th July 1838.
{269a} The Bible in Spain, page 602.
{269b} Ibid., page 606.
{269c} Ibid., page 606.
{270a} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 27th July 1838.
{270b} This would have been impossible. If his age were seventy-
four, he would of necessity have been four years old in 1838.
{271a} By Mr A. G. Jayne in "Footprints of George Borrow," in The
Bible in the World, July 1908.
{271b} Letter to Rev. A. Brandram, 17th July 1838.
{273a} This letter, in which there was a hint of desperation,
disturbed the officials at Earl Street a great deal. Mr Brandram
wrote (28th July) that he was convinced that the Committee would
"still feel that if you are to continue to act with them THEY MUST
SEE YOU, and I will only add that it is UTTERLY FOREIGN TO THEIR
WISHES that you should EXPOSE YOURSELF IN THE DARING MANNER YOU ARE
NOW DOING. I lose not a post in conveying this impression to you."
{273b} The Translation of this communication runs:- "Madrid, 7th
July 1838--I have the honour to inform your Excellency that according
to official advices received in the first Secretary of State's
Office, it appears that in Malaga, Murcia, Valladolid, and Santiago,
copies of the New Testament of Padre Scio, without notes, have been
exposed for sale, which have been deposited with the political chiefs
of the said provinces, or in the hands of such persons as the chiefs
have entrusted with them in Deposit; it being necessary further to
observe that the parties giving them up have uniformly stated that
they belonged to Mr Borrow, and that they were commissioned by him to
sell and dispose of them.
"Under these circumstances, Her Majesty's Government have deemed it
expedient that I should address your Excellency, in order that the
above may be intimated to the beforementioned Mr Borrow, so that he
may take care that the copies in question, as well as those which
have been seized in this City, and which are packed up in cases or
parcels marked and sealed, may be sent out of the Kingdom of Spain,
agreeably to the Royal order with which your Excellency is already
acquainted, and through the medium of the respective authorities who
will be able to vouch for their Exportation. To this Mr Borrow will
submit in the required form, and with the understanding that he
formally binds himself thereto, they will remain in the meantime in
the respective depots."
{275a} General Report, withdrawn.
{277a} Borrow's letter to the Rev. A. Brandram, 1st Sept. 1838.
{277b} To Lord William Hervey, Charge d'Affaires at Madrid (23rd
Aug. 1838).
{278a} To Rev. G. Browne, one of the Secretaries of the Bible
Society, 29th Aug. 1838.
{279a} To Rev. A. Brandram, 19th September 1838.
{279b} The Bible in Spain, page 621.
{279c} Letter to Dr Usoz, 22nd Feb. 1839.
{279d} Ibid.
{279e} Ibid.
{280a} The Report has here been largely drawn upon and has been
referred to as "Original Report, withdrawn."
{282a} History of the British and Foreign Bible Society.
{284a} On the publication of The Bible in Spain the Prophetess
became famous. Thirty-six years later Dr Knapp found her still
soliciting alms, and she acknowledged that she owed her celebrity to
the Ingles rubio, the blonde Englishman.
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